# map 的排序

map 默认是无序的，不管是按照 key 还是按照 value 默认都不排序（详见第 8.3 节）。

如果你想为 map 排序，需要将 key（或者 value）拷贝到一个切片，再对切片排序（使用 sort 包，详见第 7.6.6 节），然后可以使用切片的 for-range 方法打印出所有的 key 和 value。

下面有一个示例：

示例 8.6 [sort\_map.go](https://github.com/yangchuansheng/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN/tree/f30ab7d8c58f85840a0afb548024b93642b518d5/eBook/examples/chapter_8/sort_map.go)：

```go
// the telephone alphabet:
package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "sort"
)

var (
    barVal = map[string]int{"alpha": 34, "bravo": 56, "charlie": 23,
                            "delta": 87, "echo": 56, "foxtrot": 12,
                            "golf": 34, "hotel": 16, "indio": 87,
                            "juliet": 65, "kili": 43, "lima": 98}
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println("unsorted:")
    for k, v := range barVal {
        fmt.Printf("Key: %v, Value: %v / ", k, v)
    }
    keys := make([]string, len(barVal))
    i := 0
    for k, _ := range barVal {
        keys[i] = k
        i++
    }
    sort.Strings(keys)
    fmt.Println()
    fmt.Println("sorted:")
    for _, k := range keys {
        fmt.Printf("Key: %v, Value: %v / ", k, barVal[k])
    }
}
```

输出结果：

```
unsorted:
Key: bravo, Value: 56 / Key: echo, Value: 56 / Key: indio, Value: 87 / Key: juliet, Value: 65 / Key: alpha, Value: 34 / Key: charlie, Value: 23 / Key: delta, Value: 87 / Key: foxtrot, Value: 12 / Key: golf, Value: 34 / Key: hotel, Value: 16 / Key: kili, Value: 43 / Key: lima, Value: 98 /
sorted:
Key: alpha, Value: 34 / Key: bravo, Value: 56 / Key: charlie, Value: 23 / Key: delta, Value: 87 / Key: echo, Value: 56 / Key: foxtrot, Value: 12 / Key: golf, Value: 34 / Key: hotel, Value: 16 / Key: indio, Value: 87 / Key: juliet, Value: 65 / Key: kili, Value: 43 / Key: lima, Value: 98 /
```

但是如果你想要一个排序的列表你最好使用结构体切片，这样会更有效：

```go
type name struct {
    key string
    value int
}
```

## 链接

* [目录](https://github.com/yangchuansheng/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN/tree/f30ab7d8c58f85840a0afb548024b93642b518d5/eBook/directory.md)
* 上一节：[map 类型的切片](/the-way-to-go-zh-cn/di-er-bu-fen-yu-yan-de-he-xin-jie-gou-yu-ji-shu/08.0/08.4.md)
* 下一节：[将 map 的键值对调](/the-way-to-go-zh-cn/di-er-bu-fen-yu-yan-de-he-xin-jie-gou-yu-ji-shu/08.0/08.6.md)


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